Cell Organelles and their functions in cells

Introduction 

Cell organelles are specialized structures that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, break them down and creates rich molecules for the cell. The specialized/organized structures help turn the energy we take as food into energy that cell can use. The biochemical activity of the cell is known as cellular respiration. The organized structures are the working organelles that keep the cell full of energy. These structures are also known as powerhouse. 

They are present in nearly all human cell and are important for human existence. These structures produce most of our adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is like the energy currency of the cell. These structures form constituency of eukaryotic cells.

Each cell contains different number of these organized structures. The numbers present depends on how much the cell needs energy. Those that need a lot of energy like thew cell contains a lot, but those that don’t need a lot of energy contain very little. These Microorganisms have the ability to produce more cell organelle as needed and also combine them to make large cell organelle.

Function of Cell organelle 

1. Energy production. cell organelle converts the food we eat into energy form that cell can use. This activity is known as oxidative phosphorylation. cell organelle is the only place oxygen is reduced and eventually broken into water. 

2. Cell death; cell organelle helps to decide which micro-organisms are destroyed, as the micro-organismsbecome old or broken then destroyed and cleared away. Cell death is an essential in life, it’s also known as apoptosis. cell organelle produces cytochrome C, which activate caspase one of the catalysts in wrecking micro-organisms during apoptosis. 

3. Storing Calcium; this ingredient is important in a number of cellular processes like fertilization, blood clotting, thew function and many others. Therefore its critical making it tightly regulated. cell organelle plays a major role in absorption of the above ingredients particles and storing them until when needed. These work very closely with endoplasmic reticulum to limit the amount of the above ingredient in cytosol. 

4. Heat production; in the course of nucleon leak, cell organelle can produce high temperature. Its one of theway the body generates heat by using brownish-yellow tissues, which are found in babies, who have the highest level of it and slowly reduces as they age. 

Structure of Cell organelle 

Cell organelles are small, regularly between 0.75 and 3 micrometer, not visible under microscope unless and are stained. Cell organelles are a small structure within a cell and are made up of two parts; the membrane and the matrix. 

They have two membranes an outer one and an inner one which have different functions. cell organelle is split into different regions which include; 

Outer membrane 

This outer portion include protein known as porins, which forms channels that allows protein to pass through. It also host a number of enzymes. Small molecules can pass through the outer membrane. 

Intermembrane space 

This is the area between the inner and outer membrane 

Inner membrane 

This is where proteins are held. There is no porins in the membrane, therefore, it’s impermeable to most mole. The Inner membrane 

is where most ATP are created. 

Cristae 

These are folds of the inner membrane. Cristae increase the surface area of the membrane hence, increasing the space available for chemical reaction. 

Matrix 

This is the space within the inner membrane. It contains hundreds of catalysts and it’s important in production of ATP. cell organelle DNA is housed here. 

Granules 

They control concentration of particles in cell organelle. Granules contain ribosome which produce protein used by cell organelle. 

Cell organelle are constantly dividing (fission) and bonding (fusion) though oval in shape. Organelles are linked together in every changing network. In sperm cells, cell organelle are spiraled and in mid-piece to provide energy for tail motion. 

The DNA within cell organelle is more susceptible to damage than any related genome, because free radical, which cause damage in DNA are produced when carrying out ATP synthesis. 

Majority of cell organelle disease are due to mutation in nuclear DNA that affect products that end up in cell organelle. The mutation can either be inherited or spontaneous. 

When cell organelle stop functioning, their storage starved of energy. As a general rule micro-organisms that need the highest amount of energy such as the cardiac muscle are affected the most by malfunctioning cell organelle.